Ibm 6643 User Manual download pdf (Page 115)

v

Standalone

diagnostics

might

function

properly

because

the

device

that

was

found

is

the

only

device

running.

Software

configuration

conflicts

occur

when

the

following

are

true.

v

Hardware

has

a

different

configuration

than

the

software

that

is

using

it

expects.

v

Hardware

memory

address

space

is

in

conflict

with

memory

used

by

the

application

software.

Software

considerations

Suspect

a

software

failure

if

one

of

the

following

is

true.

v

Hardware

diagnostics

run

error-free.

v

Swapping

hardware

components

fails

to

isolate

the

problem.

A

software

problem

might

be

the

result

of

a

mismatch

between

the

hardware

and

the

operating

system

device

drivers

or

direct

drivers.

BIOS

The

BIOS

acts

as

an

interface

between

the

system

hardware,

application

software,

and

the

operating

system.

The

BIOS

contains

the

instructions

to

operate

the

basic

system

components:

v

Keyboard

v

Serial

and

parallel

ports

v

Diskette

drive

v

Hard

disk

drive

v

VGA

display

v

Clock

v

Memory

controller.

The

BIOS

then

starts

the

IPL

or

Boot

functions.

Drivers

Device

drivers

are

the

BIOS

for

additional

hardware.

They

are

the

communicators

of

the

hardware

assignments

to

the

operating

system,

including

the

following:

v

IRQ

level

v

DMA

channel

v

I/O

address

v

ROM

or

RAM.

Some

device

drivers

like

HIMEM.SYS

are

position

sensitive

and

must

be

placed

before

other

device

drivers

in

the

CONFIG.SYS

file.

Not

all

device

drivers

are

found

in

the

CONFIG.SYS

file.

Advanced

operating

systems

use

.INI

files

to

set

up

and

start

devices.

Device

drivers

can

access

the

hardware

in

five

ways.

v

Operating

system

direct

to

hardware

using

a

direct

driver

Direct

drivers,

which

bypass

BIOS,

have

the

advantage

of

faster

throughput,

but

the

disadvantage

of

limited

error-handling

capability

and

reduced

software

and

hardware

compatibility

and

flexibility.

This

method

is

not

used

in

the

IBM

PC

Series

systems.

Chapter

8.

Related

service

information

107

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