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Managing Dynamically-Allocated Storage
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
* Free - release the storage used by the list *
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
P Free B
D prv@ S *
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
* Loop through the elements of the list until the next pointer is *
* *NULL, starting from the first real element in the list *
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
C EVAL elem@ = %ADDR(first)
C EVAL elem@ = next@
C DOW elem@ <> *NULL
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
* Free the storage for name *
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
C DEALLOC name@
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
* Save the pointer to current elem@
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
C EVAL prv@ = elem@
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
* Advance elem@ to the next element
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
C EVAL elem@ = next@
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
* Free the storage for the current element
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
C DEALLOC prv@
C ENDDO
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
* Ready for a new list:
*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
C EVAL elem@ = %ADDR(first)
P Free E
Figure 52 (Part 5 of 5). Memory Management - Build a Linked List of Names
Heap Storage Problems
Figure 53 on page 119 shows possible problems associated with the misuse of
heap storage.
118 ILE RPG for AS/400 Programmer's Guide
- ILE RPG for AS/400 1
- Programmer's Guide 1
- Third Edition (May 1999) 4
- Contents 5
- Trademarks and Service Marks 14
- Notices xiii 15
- About This Guide 17
- How to Send Your Comments 18
- What's New This Release? 19
- About This Guide xix 21
- About This Guide xxi 23
- ILE RPG Introduction 25
- RPG IV Specifications 27
- Cycle Programming 28
- Subprocedure logic 29
- Indicators 29
- Operation Codes 30
- Example of an ILE RPG Program 30
- 1 6 10 16 31
- The Entire Source Program 34
- Using the OS/400 System 36
- Interacting with the System 36
- AS/400 Tools 37
- AS/400 Tools 38
- AS/400 Tools 39
- Program Creation 41
- RPG Programming in ILE 42
- Program Management 43
- Program Call 43
- Source Debugging 44
- Bindable APIs 44
- Multithreaded Applications 45
- OPM-Compatible Application 47
- Effect of ILE 48
- Related Information 49
- Advanced Application Scenario 54
- A Strategy to Avoid 55
- A Strategy to Avoid 56
- Procedures 57
- Prototyped Calls 58
- Multiple Procedures Module 59
- The Entire ARRSRPT Program 65
- Figure 24. DDS for CUSTFILE 68
- Coding Considerations 69
- General Considerations 69
- Program Creation 70
- Main Procedure Considerations 70
- Subprocedure Considerations 70
- For Further Information 71
- Main Procedures 71
- Subprocedures 71
- Prototyped Call 72
- Concepts 73
- ADTS/400: Programming 75
- Development Manager 75
- Using SEU 76
- Using SEU 77
- Using SQL Statements 79
- Using SQL Statements 80
- Using the CRTBNDRPG Command 81
- Display spooled files 85
- Using a Compiler Listing 87
- Obtaining a Compiler Listing 87
- Customizing a Page Heading 88
- Customizing the Spacing 89
- Correcting Compilation Errors 90
- Using a Compiler Listing 91
- Correcting Run-time Errors 92
- CRTPGM Commands 97
- Using the CRTRPGMOD Command 98
- Creating a NOMAIN Module 99
- Creating a Module Object 100
- Creating a Module Object 101
- Additional Examples 104
- Related CL Commands 104
- Using the CRTPGM Command 106
- Binding Multiple Modules 108
- Using a Binder Listing 109
- Changing a Module or Program 110
- Using the UPDPGM Command 111
- Removing Observability 112
- CL Reference (Abridged) 113
- Service Program Overview 115
- ILE Concepts 116
- Reference (Abridged) 116
- Changing A Service Program 117
- Related CL commands 117
- Sample Service Program 118
- Sample Service Program 119
- Sample Service Program 120
- Creating the Service Program 121
- Binding to a Program 122
- Updating the Service Program 124
- Sample Binder Listing 124
- Chapter 9. Running a Program 127
- CL Programming 128
- Figure 48. DDS for EMPRPT2 130
- Ending an ILE Program 133
- Managing Activation Groups 133
- Managing Activation Groups 134
- Managing Activation Groups 135
- Deleting an Activation Group 136
- Reclaim Resources Command 136
- CL Reference 137
- (Abridged) 137
- Heap Storage Problems 142
- System API Reference 144
- Calling Programs 152
- Calling Procedures 152
- The Call Stack 153
- Recursive Calls 154
- Using a Prototyped Call 157
- Using the CALLP Operation 157
- Calling within an Expression 158
- Examples of Free-Form Call 159
- Passing Prototyped Parameters 159
- Parameter Passing Styles 159
- Passing by Value 160
- Using Operational Descriptors 162
- Omitting Parameters 163
- Passing *OMIT 164
- Leaving Out Parameters 164
- Using %PARMS 165
- 4. Return 166
- Order of Evaluation 170
- Interlanguage Calls 170
- Passing By Reference 171
- Passing By Value 171
- Examples of CALL and CALLB 174
- Using the PLIST Operation 175
- Normal End 176
- Abnormal End 177
- Returning from a Subprocedure 178
- Using Bindable APIs 179
- Calling a Graphics Routine 180
- Calling Special Routines 181
- Multithreading Considerations 181
- Figure 74. Deadlock Example 184
- ¹ Obtain a dump 185
- The ILE Source Debugger 187
- Debug Commands 188
- The ILE Source Debugger 189
- Creating a Root Source View 191
- Creating a COPY Source View 192
- Creating a Listing View 192
- Creating a Statement View 193
- STRDBG Example 195
- Setting Debug Options 195
- OPM source debug support 196
- Program/module 197
- Viewing the Program Source 198
- Viewing a Different Module 199
- Changing the View of a Module 200
- BREAK line-number 203
- CLEAR line-number 203
- DISPLAY MODULE module-name 203
- Condition 206
- BREAK Command 207
- procedure-name 209
- statement-number 211
- CLEAR PGM 212
- Characteristics of Watches 213
- Setting Watch Conditions 214
- Displaying Active Watches 216
- Removing Watch Conditions 216
- following 217
- Stepping Over Call Statements 219
- Stepping Into Call Statements 220
- Displaying Data Structures 227
- Displaying Indicators 228
- Displaying UCS-2 Data 230
- Changing the Value of Fields 232
- EQUATE DC EVAL COUNTER 235
- DISPLAY EQUATE 235
- Exception Handling Overview 241
- which is active on 243
- ILE RPG Exception Handling 244
- Exception Handling Overview 245
- Using Exception Handlers 247
- Exception Handler Priority 247
- Nested Exceptions 247
- Unhandled Exceptions 247
- Using Exception Handlers 248
- Using Exception Handlers 249
- Optimization Considerations 250
- Using RPG-Specific Handlers 250
- ILE RPG for AS/400 Reference 251
- Using an Error Subroutine 252
- ILE Condition Handlers 262
- Using a Condition Handler 262
- ILE Condition Handlers 263
- ILE Condition Handlers 264
- Using Cancel Handlers 268
- Chapter 13. Obtaining a Dump 275
- Example of a Formatted Dump 276
- Feedback Areas 277
- Example of a Formatted Dump 279
- .L/ Optimization level 281
- not in the order 282
- Chapter 14. Defining Files 285
- The SEQ Device 286
- Naming Files 287
- Types of File Descriptions 287
- Types of File Descriptions 288
- Renaming Record-Format Names 290
- Renaming Field Names 290
- Ignoring Record Formats 290
- Using Output Specifications 293
- Level Checking 294
- Data Management 295
- File Locking 299
- Record Locking 300
- Sharing an Open Data Path 301
- Spooling 302
- Output Spooling 303
- SRTSEQ/ALTSEQ 304
- Database Files 305
- Data Files and Source Files 305
- Record Format Specifications 306
- Access Path 306
- Valid Search Arguments 310
- Referring to a Partial Key 310
- ILE RPG for 311
- AS/400 Reference 311
- Indexed File 312
- Exception/Error Handling 313
- Sequential File 314
- Record Address File 314
- Limits Records 315
- Relative Record Numbers 315
- Consecutive Processing 316
- Sequential-by-Key Processing 317
- This example is the 320
- In this example, the 321
- Random-by-Key Processing 323
- Valid File Operations 328
- Valid File Operations 329
- Valid File Operations 330
- Using Commitment Control 331
- Commitment Control Locks 332
- Commitment Control Scoping 332
- Using the COMMIT Operation 333
- Using Commitment Control 334
- Using Commitment Control 335
- DDM Files 336
- Using Pre-V3R1 DDM Files 337
- DDM Files 338
- Types of Device Files 339
- Accessing Printer Devices 340
- Specifying PRINTER Files 340
- Handling Page Overflow 340
- Accessing Printer Devices 341
- Accessing Printer Devices 342
- Specifying Fetch Overflow 346
- Accessing Tape Devices 349
- Accessing Display Devices 350
- Using Sequential Files 350
- Specifying a Sequential File 350
- Using SPECIAL Files 351
- Using SPECIAL Files 352
- Using SPECIAL Files 353
- ICF Programming 355
- DDS Reference 355
- Input fields 356
- Output fields 356
- Output/input (both) fields 356
- Using Subfiles 359
- RECNO field name 360
- Reference 360
- Use of Subfiles 361
- Output Specifications 363
- Input Specifications 364
- Calculation Specifications 364
- Additional Considerations 364
- Valid WORKSTN File Operations 365
- EXFMT Operation 366
- READ Operation 366
- WRITE Operation 366
- Multiple-Device Files 366
- Multiple-Device Files 367
- Multiple-Device Files 368
- Database Physical File 369
- Main Menu Inquiry 370
- CUSMAIN: RPG Source 371
- Main Menu Inquiry 372
- File Maintenance 373
- File Maintenance 374
- CUSMNT: RPG Source 376
- Search by Zip Code 382
- Search by Zip Code 383
- Search by Zip Code 384
- SCHZIP: RPG Source 385
- Search and Inquiry by Name 388
- Search and Inquiry by Name 389
- SCHNAM: RPG Source 390
- Search and Inquiry by Name 392
- Appendixes 395
- Compiling 397
- DBCS Data in Character Fields 401
- Conversion Overview 403
- File Considerations 404
- The Log File 405
- Converting Your Source 406
- The CVTRPGSRC Command 407
- Converting Your Source 408
- Converting Your Source 409
- Performing a Trial Conversion 412
- Obtaining Conversion Reports 413
- Example of Source Conversion 414
- Analyzing Your Conversion 417
- Using the Conversion Report 418
- Analyzing Your Conversion 419
- Using the Log File 420
- Resolving Conversion Problems 422
- Unsupported RPG III Features 422
- Merging Problems 423
- Context-Sensitive Problems 424
- Run-time Differences 427
- Using CL Commands 429
- CRTBNDRPG Command 430
- CRTBNDRPG Command 431
- CRTBNDRPG Command 432
- CRTRPGMOD Command 444
- CRTRPGMOD Command 445
- CRTRPGMOD Command 446
- Appendix D. Compiler Listings 447
- Reading a Compiler Listing 448
- Prologue 448
- Compiler Listings 449
- Source Section 450
- Compiler Listings 452
- Output Buffer Positions 456
- /COPY Member Table 456
- Compile-Time Data 457
- Key Field Information 458
- Cross-Reference Table 458
- External References List 459
- Message Summary 460
- Final Summary 460
- Bibliography 463
- Bibliography 441 465
- Special Characters 467
- Numerics 467
- See also 468
- (continued) 469
- Index 447 471
- Index 449 473
- Index 453 477
- Index 459 483
- Index 463 487
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